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AIC1783
Battery Charge Controller
n FEATURES
l l
n DESCRIPTION
The AIC1783 fast charge controller IC is designed for intelligent charging of NiMH or NiCd batteries without the risk of overcharge. - ? V detection (-0.25%) and 0 ? V detection (peak voltage timer) are the primary methods employed by the AIC1783 to terminate fast charge. The fast charge can also be cut off by maximum battery voltage along with the safety timer to prevent charging under fault conditions of the charging system or the battery itself. The safety timer period is adjustable for flexible usage that AIC1783 could be applied in the wide range of battery capacity. Test mode is provided for charger manufactures to dramatically reduce production test time.
Fast Charge Control of NiMH/NiCd Batteries. Fast Charge Termination by: - ? V , 0 ? V , Safety Timer, Maximum Voltage. Protection against Battery Voltage Fault. Pulsed Trickle Charge Mode. Quick and Easy Testing for Production. 8-pin DIP or SO Packages.
l l l l
n APPLICATIONS
Battery Fast Chargers for:
l l l l l
Mobile Phones. Notebook and Laptop Personal Computers. Portable Power Tools and Toys. Portable Communication Equipment. Portable Video & Stereo Equipment.
n TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT
U1 7805 VIN C5 1F 1N4148 D3 R1 1K 220H 1N5822 1
+ +
1
VIN
VOUT GND
3
+ C6
R3 100K LED1 R4 120K U2 REF VCC VBT ICON LED AIC1783 RED
2
10F
L1
C1 1F R13 120/0.5W U3 R9 390K D4 D2 C2 BATTERY C3 0.1F BAT1 D1 1N5822
8 7 6 5
R6
R7 47K
R2 240K R11 100K R5 C4
+
2 TIMER 3 MODE C10 47nF R12 150K 4 GND
680
R8 10K Q1
220F
1 2
DC DE
BOOST IS VCC FB AIC1563
8 7 6 5
IN4148 R10 0.3/5W
+
120K 0.1F
C9 4.7F
2N222
3 CF
C7 1000P
4 GND
C8 220F
Battery Charge Circuit with Wide Input Voltage Range
Analog Integrations Corporation DS-1783-00 May 28, 01
4F, 9, Industry E. 9th Rd, Science Based Industrial Park, Hsinchu Taiwan, ROC TEL: 886-3-5772500 FAX: 886-3-5772510
www.analog.com.tw
1
AIC1783
n ORDERING INFORMATION
AIC1783C X ORDER NUMBER PACKAGE TYPE N: PLASTIC DIP S: SMALL OUTLINE AIC1783CN (PLASTIC DIP) PIN CONFIGURATION
REF 1 TIMER 2 8 VCC 7 VBT 6 ICON 5 LED
AIC1783CS (PLASTIC SO)
MODE 3 GND 4
n ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage ............................................... ... ... ... ........................................ 5.5V DC Voltage Applied on any pin ......................... ... ... ... ... ...................................... 5.5V Sink current of ICON pin, LED1 and LED2 pin .......................... ... ... .................. 20mA Operating Temperature Range ................................................ ... ... ...... -40C~ 85C -65C~ 150C Storage Temperature Range ................................................ ... ... ... ......
n TEST CIRCUIT
5V
1
REF TIMER MODE GND AIC1783
VCC VBT ICON LED
8 7
5V
100K
2 3
+
680
-
VOLTAGE SOURCE
6 5
RTIMER 100K 120K
4
680
RED
GREEN 5V
2
AIC1783
n ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Ta=25C, V
PARAMETER Supply Voltage Supply Current Battery Low During Initial Timer After Initial Timer Battery High LED, ICON Pins ON OFF MODE pin VBT Recommended External Resistor of TIMER pin -V Detection accuracy VBT=2V pin TEST CONDITIONS SYMBOL VCC ICC
CC
=5V, unless otherwise specified.) MIN. 4.5 TYP. 5.0 1.1 MAX. 5.5 UNIT V mA
Voltage Protection Limit
VBT
0.11 0.63 2.6
0.16 0.69 2.7
0.21 0.75 2.80
V
Output Impedance
25 1 300 1
50
M K M
Input Impedance
RTIMER
2
100
1000
K
-0.15
-0.25
-0.35
%
3
AIC1783
n TYPICAL
1.21 1.18
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
(Ta=25C, RTIMER =100K ,
VCC =5V, refer to Test Circuit)
Supply Current vs Supply Voltage
81.0
Safety Timer vs Supply Volatge
Supply Current (mA)
Safety Timer (min.)
4.6 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.4
80.5
1.12
80.0
1.06
79.5
1.00 4.4 79.0 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.4
VCC (V)
VCC (V)
LED Flashing Frequency vs Supply Voltage
4.8 1.26 4.6
Supply Current vs Temperature
Supply Current (mA)
Frequency (Hz)
4.4
1.14
4.2
1.02
4.0
3.8 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.4
0.9 0 20 40 60 80
VCC (V)
Temperature (C)
Safety Timer vs Temperature
5.0 82.0
LED Flashing Frequency vs Temperature
4.6
Safety Timer (min.)
81.0
Frequency (Hz)
20 40 60 80
4.2
80.0 3.8
79.0
0
Temperature(C)
3.4 0
20
40
60
80
Temperature( C)
4
AIC1783
n TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
VBT (high) Limit vs Temperature
2.74
(Continued)
V BT(LOW) Limits vs Temperature ( After Initial Timer)
0.700
2.66
2.62
VBT (V)
0.690 0.685 0
2.70
0.695
VBT (V)
0
20
Temperature ( C)
40
60
80
20
40
Temperature (C)
60
80
VB T (low) Limit vs Temperature (During Initial Timer)
0.163 29
Output Impedance vs Temperature (LED,ICON pins)
0.162
Output Impedance()
0 20 40 60 80
27
VB T (V)
0.161
0.160
25
0.159
0.158
23 0 20 40 60 80
Temperature (C)
Temperature (C)
5
AIC1783
n
BLOCK DIAGRAM
MODE GND VCC TIMER
MODE Selection
Bandgap Reference & Voltage Regulator
LED
Oscillator
Charge Control
REF
Battery Voltage Protection Setting
Display Control Unit
ICON
State Machine
Charge Control Unit
13-bit A/D
Battery Voltage Protection
VBT
n PIN DESCRIPTIONS
PIN 1: REFReference voltage input, acceptable voltage range : (V CC -1.4V) ~ (0.5V CC -0.4V) PIN 2: TIMER- Determining the period of safety timer with an external resistor connected to GND. PIN 3: MODE- Determining the mode of operation for the AIC1783. PIN 4: GNDPower ground. PIN 8: VCCPIN 7: VBTPIN 5: LEDOpen-drained output used to indicate the battery charging status. PIN 6: ICON- Open-drained output, used to control the charging current to the battery. Divided battery voltage input to sense the battery voltage. Power supply input at 5V10%.
6
AIC1783
n APPLICATION INFORMATIONS
OPERATION
Power-On and Battery Pre-qualifying When power is first applied to the AIC1783, all internal digital circuit blocks of the AIC1783 are reset by the internal power-on-reset circuitry and output LED flash 3 times to indicate the initiation of power-on. The internal control unit then e xamines the battery condition through the VBT pin. The acceptable range of VBT pin is 0.16V to 2.7V. If the voltage of VBT pin fails to fall within the predetermined acceptable limits, the AIC1783 enters a charge-suspending mode, in which all the internal circuitry remains in reset state. Fast Charge After the battery passes fault checks, fast charging begins while initial timer and safety timer of the AIC1783 start counting. Functions of
l l
Maximum charge time Maximum battery voltage
-V Cutoff The AIC1783 makes a voltage sampling at VBT pin every 4 seconds when safety timer period is set equal to 80 minutes. If a negative delta voltage of 0.25% compared to its peak value is detected at VBT pin, the fast charge cycle is terminated. 0V Cutoff If the battery voltage stays at its peak value or decreases very slowly for the duration determined by the peak voltage timer which is 6% of safety timer, the fast charge action is terminated. Maximum Safety Timer Cutoff The maximum fast charge period is determined by the safety timer, which is set by a resistor connected from TIMER pin to GND. Safety timer,
-? V
detection, peak voltage timer, and maximum battery voltage are, however, disabled temporarily until the initial timer period in the initial stage of a charge cycle elapses. The initial timer period is equal to 1/80 of safety timer.
-? V
sampling rate will be longer if the resistor value is larger. When the value of the resistor is 100K, the safety timer p eriod equals 80 minutes. is terminated. Maximum Voltage Cutoff The AIC1783 guards against the maximum limits for battery voltage during fast charging. If either of these limits is exceeded, fast charge action is terminated. After the safety timer period is finished, the fast charge action
Since the low limit of acceptable VBT voltage is only about 0.16V during the initial timer period, even deeply discharged batteries can easily qualify to be fast charged subsequently.
In the course of fast charge, the AIC1783 constantly monitors the voltages at VBT pin. The fast charge process is switched to trickle charge when any one of the following situations is encountered, which are explained below: l l
Negative delta voltage ( - ? V ) Peak voltage timer ( 0 ? V )
Trickle Charge The trickle charge after the fast charge to prevent the loss of charge due to battery self-discharging. The duty cycle is set to 1/128 by internal circuitry.
7
AIC1783
The functions and charging states control mentioned above are illustrated in the function flow chart of AIC1783 (Fig. 2) Setting the Period of Safety Timer The AIC1783 provides a method for linearly adjusting the period of safety timer with an external resistor connected from TIMER pin to GND. The relation between safety timer length and the external resistor (RTIMER ) is shown in Fig. 3. The table following shows the resistor values for some of the commonly chosen safety timer periods. Also Battery Voltage Measurement The AIC1783 measures the battery voltage through VBT pin, which is connected to battery positive terminal through a resistor-divider net work, as shown in Fig. 1
600 800
DESIGN GUIDE
shown in the table are their corresponding oscillator frequencies.
RTIMER (K)
VBAT
400
RA R5 + C5 100K 4.7F C6 0.1F AIC1783 7 VBT
200
0 0 100 200 300 400 500
RB
Safety Timer (min.)
Fig. 3 FIG. 1 Battery Voltage Divider
Safety Timer vs. RTIMER
The suggested divider resistance of RA and RB for the corresponding number of battery cells are as below:
BATTERY CELLS 2~4 3~6 4~8 5~10 6~12 8~16
RA/RB 2 3.3 4.9 6.4 7.8 10.8
RA (K) 240 300 300 300 310 390
RB (K) 120 91 62 47 39 36
8
AIC1783
Power ON
LED Flash 3 Times
If VBT in Normal Range Yes
No
LED Displays Abnormal, ICON ON, Safety Timer Reset
Charging (ICON OFF)
No
If Initial Timer Finished
Yes
If VBT in Normal Range
No
Yes
If 0G V is Detected
Yes
LED Display Fast Charge ICON OFF
No LED Display Battery Fulll, Fast Charge Finished, Trickle Charge Starts
Yes
If -0.25% G V is Detected
Yes
Battery Replacement
No
No
No
If Safety Timer Period has Finished
Yes
Fig. 2
Function Flow Chart of AIC1783
9
AIC1783
RTIMER (K) 11 23 48 74 100 152 206 314 491 667
OSC. Freq.(KHz) 262.4 131.2 65.6 43.7 32.8 21.9 16.4 10.9 7.3 5.5
Safety timer (min.) 10 20 40 60 80 120 160 240 360 480
Display the Battery Charging Status The AIC1783 provides an open-drained output, LED pin, to indicate the battery charging status. The outputs of LED pin are shown in the following table:
Power ON LED 1Hz Fast Charge Fault
Charging Completed Conditions 4Hz Flashing ON OFF
Charging Current Control As shown in the typical application circuit, the AIC1783 offers an open-drained output pin, ICON
Selecting Mode of Operation The AIC1783 provides three modes of operation: normal, test, and AC mode determined by the setting of MODE pin. The AIC1783 will operate normally when the MODE pin is left floating (a 0.1F capacitor is recommended to be tied to MODE pin if the charge circuit works in a noisy environment). When the MODE pin is biased to GND, the function of -V detection is disabled. When the MODE pin is biased to VCC , the AIC1783 enters the test mode. The test mode can be used to significantly reduce production test time. MODE pin VCC Floating GND Mode Test Function Safety timer period scaled down to 1/32 Normal Normal operation AC VV detection disabled
pin, to control the charging current flow in fast charge state and switch on to inhibit the charging current flow in fault conditions. When fast charge is completed, the AIC1783 enters the trickle charge mode. In trickle charge mode, the ICON pin output switches with 1/128 duty cycle.
Power ON ICON ON
Fast Charging OFF
Charge Completed 1/128 Duty cycle
Fault Conditions ON
10
AIC1783
n PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS
l 8 LEAD PLASTIC SO (unit: mm)
D
SYMBOL A A1
H E
MIN 1.35 0.10 0.33 0.19 4.80 3.80
MAX 1.75 0.25 0.51 0.25 5.00 4.00
B C D
e A C A1
E e H L
L
1.27(TYP) 5.80 0.40 6.20 1.27
B
l
8 LEAD PLASTIC DIP (unit: mm) SYMBOL A1
E1
D
MIN 0.381 2.92 0.35 0.20 9.01 7.62 6.09 -- 2.92
MAX -- 4.96 0.56 0.36 10.16 8.26 7.12 10.92 3.81
A2 b C
E
D E E1
C
A2 A1
L
e eB L
2.54 (TYP)
eB b e
11

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